The Distressed Continent
Africa has worn many labels over the past two decades. In 2000, The Economist called it “The Hopeless Continent.” A decade later came the reversal: “Africa Rising.” By 2013, optimism…
AI in Africa will be won on power, cooling and execution – Experts
As artificial intelligence spending accelerates globally, a hard reality is setting in across boardrooms and policy circles: AI is no longer constrained by ambition, models, or software talent. It is…
Vertiv, Africa Hyperscalers to convene West Africa’s enterprise IT leaders on infrastructure readiness
In collaboration with Vertiv, Africa Hyperscalers will host an upcoming AI-focused webinar examining one of the most pressing questions facing West Africa’s enterprise technology leaders today: whether existing digital infrastructure…
MTN reworks its IT core with Shodunke appointment as AI demands rise cross Africa
MTN Group has announced the appointment of Shoyinka Shodunke as Executive: IT Core Design and Delivery, effective March 1, 2026. In this role, the former Group CIO now carries group-wide…
Davos 2026: Africa’s AI moment Is an infrastructure test
Davos 2026 shows the continent’s AI ambitions will rise or fall on data centers, power systems and bankable policy. OpenAI arrived in Davos selling more than chatbots. In a new…
2026 forecast: Investment, Builds, and the Next Phase of Africa’s Digital Infrastructure.
At the start of each year, we share our outlook on what lies ahead for Africa’s digital infrastructure ecosystem. This forecast blends advocacy and evidence - what we believe must happen to…
AI infrastructure boom to trigger ‘Unprecedented Surge’ in project financing – report.
AI-driven data center demand is poised to reshape global project financing, according to new research from corporate services firm CSC, which warns of a $1.5 trillion funding gap emerging as…
How Angola is shaping Africa’s next wave of AI-Driven Infrastructure.
By Wojtek Piorko As Africa accelerates its critical digital infrastructure investments, Angola is emerging as a country with strong potential for leadership. Its strategic geographic position, rapidly growing mobile ecosystem,…
UAE commits $1bn to Africa’s AI infrastructure push.
The United Arab Emirates has announced a $1 billion commitment to build AI infrastructure across Africa, in what officials describe as a major effort to boost access to computing power,…
Report highlights deep funding gap as AI infrastructure costs surge.
OpenAI will require roughly $207 billion in additional financing by 2030 to meet its long-term data-center and hardware commitments, according to new analysis from HSBC’s US software and services team.…
Africa pushes toward AI leadership as ICAIR 2025 closes With new investments, policy commitments.
Africa is moving to position itself for the next wave of artificial-intelligence development, as researchers, policymakers, and technology executives concluded the 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (ICAIR…
Nigeria’s telecom regulator and ATCON call for urgent collaboration to build Africa’s AI-ready infrastructure.
Two of Nigeria’s most influential digital economy leaders - Dr. Aminu Maida, Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Executive Officer of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), and Mr. Tony Izuagbe Emoekpere, President of the Association…
Africa Hyperscalers hosts high-level AI Infrastructure Readiness Forum.
Africa Hyperscalers convened a high-level virtual forum that brought together the most influential voices shaping the continent’s digital future — from national regulators and telecom operators to cloud providers, hyperscalers,…
Africa’s data center leaders call for balance between resilience and sustainability.
At the Reliability, Efficiency & Scalability: Enhancing Sustainable Infrastructure for the Modern Data Center session at Africa Tech Festival in Cape Town last week, industry leaders urged African operators to…
Atlancis Technologies launches East Africa’s first GPU-powered AI Factory at iXAfrica.
Atlancis Technologies, through its Servernah Cloud brand, has launched East and Central Africa’s first GPU-powered AI Factory at iXAfrica Data Centres, marking a major step in the region’s race toward…
Nigeria’s telecoms regulator to keynote Africa Hyperscalers AI-readiness session.
The Executive Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), Dr. Aminu Maida, will deliver the keynote address at the upcoming Africa Hyperscalers AI-Readiness Session taking…
Africa Hyperscalers to host strategic industry session on AI Infrastructure Readiness.
Africa Hyperscalers is convening policymakers, operators, and digital infrastructure leaders for a strategic session on Wednesday, November 19, 2025, titled “AI-Ready Africa: Building the Compute, Cloud, and Connectivity Foundations for…
Is West Africa ready for the future of AI & Data Centers?
In an exclusive forum hosted by the Africa Data Centres Association (ADCA) in partnership with Schneider Electric, some of Nigeria’s top executives converged to address a pivotal question: Is West…
UNILAG to host AI and Robotics conference as Nigeria pushes digital infrastructure.
The University of Lagos (UNILAG) will convene global researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders for the 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (MIRG-ICAIR 2025) from November 4 to 6,…
China’s cloud sovereignty play: Alibaba Cloud’s “Aegaeon” cuts GPU usage by 82%
The new GPU pooling system underscores Beijing’s drive for AI self-reliance - and signals how national clouds are rewriting the rules of global compute efficiency. Alibaba Cloud, the digital technology…
After leapfrogging mobility – can Africa get AI-ready?
Africa’s next technology surge will be measured in data, compute, and skills - not SIM cards, stressed a high-level panel at Hyperscalers Convergence Africa 2025, asking whether the continent can pivot from mobile-first success to…
DHL to invest €300 Million-Plus to speed trade across Sub-Saharan Africa.
DHL Group said it will invest more than €300 million over several years to expand its Express, Global Forwarding, and Supply Chain operations across Sub-Saharan Africa, betting that the region’s…
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New Dabengwa data center fully occupied – MTN.
Nigeria’s surging demand for cloud and artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure has pushed MTN’s new Dabengwa Data Center to full capacity within months of its launch — a development industry leaders…
Africa must Harness Data and Computing Power to Develop AI – NITDA DG.
The Director-General of Nigeria’s National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi, has urged African nations to build up their own data sets and computing infrastructure to fully harness artificial intelligence…
Google expands AI and connectivity push in Africa.
Google announced a new round of investments to accelerate Africa’s digital economy, spanning subsea cable hubs, AI access for students, and funding for local research. Connectivity remains central. Since its…
Can Africa mint its own intelligence?
A new sovereign supercomputer in Uganda could shift the continent from exporting raw data to producing sovereign AI. For decades, Africa has been rich in raw materials but poor in…
Data Sovereignty: digital independence or digital collaboration?
A keynote panel at ITW Africa on the topic “The Question of Data Sovereignty: A Future of Digital Independence?” examined whether Africa’s push for data localization and ownership will drive…
US-style data center models will not work in Africa, experts warn.
At ITW & Datacloud Africa’s Energy Workshop, industry leaders agreed that Africa cannot simply copy Western approaches to powering and building data centers. With demand for cloud and AI workloads…
Vertiv acquires Great Lakes Data Racks & Cabinets for $200m.
To strengthen Vertiv's position in high-density integrated infrastructure for data centers and critical digital environments, Vertiv Holdings Co. said it has completed its $200 million acquisition of Great Lakes Data…
Africa’s Data Center Boom: experts call for ecosystem maturity and local interconnection.
At the Africa Peering and Interconnection Forum (AfPIF 2025) held in Lagos, Nigeria, a high-level panel of digital infrastructure leaders explored the continent’s evolving data center landscape, unpacking the drivers…
Canada’s pension fund commits $225M to Cambridge data center expansion.
The Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPP Investments) will invest C$225 million (US$160 million) into the expansion of a major data center in Cambridge, Ontario. This funding represents half of…
AI gold rush: why Meta is selling $2 billion in data center assets.
For anyone in tech, the phrase "data center" often conjures images of endless server racks, humming machinery, and colossal power consumption. But what if one of the world's leading tech…
Saudi Arabia’s AI dream gets a boost from xAI.
xAI, the artificial intelligence startup founded by Elon Musk and creator of the Grok chatbot, is reportedly exploring a potential data center expansion into Saudi Arabia, according to a Bloomberg…
TouchNet and iXAfrica launch Sovereign AI Cloud in Kenya.
TouchNet and iXAfrica Data Centres have partnered to launch the Zadara AI Sovereign Cloud in Kenya, marking a significant milestone in the country’s digital infrastructure evolution.The enterprise-grade cloud solution, hosted…
Vertiv AI Solutions Innovation Roadshow charts Africa’s path to an AI-powered future.
Africa’s ambition to harness artificial intelligence as a force for economic transformation took center stage at the Vertiv AI Solutions Innovation Roadshow held in Lagos, Nigeria. The 2025 edition brought…
Google-backed report calls for telecom, power push to enable Africa’s AI future.
At the recent U.S.–Africa Business Center roundtable, co-hosted by Google, diplomats, business leaders, and digital policy experts convened in Washington D.C. to confront a pressing question: What foundational elements must…
AI Solutions Innovation Roadshow – Lagos Edition to spotlight Enterprise Infrastructure for the Age of AI.
The Vertiv AI Solutions Innovation Roadshow – Lagos Edition is set to take place on June 26, 2025, convening more than 80 C-suite executives and technology leaders to explore the future of enterprise infrastructure in an…
Nvidia loses $2.5 billion in revenue last quarter, due to Chinese restrictions.
Nvidia has posted another blockbuster quarter, reporting $44.1 billion in revenue—surpassing Wall Street expectations of $43.3 billion. The performance highlights the company’s continued dominance in the AI and data center…
Safaricom commits $500 million to build AI Infrastructure across East Africa.
Safaricom has announced a $500 million investment over the next three years to develop artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure across East Africa—a bold step that signals a shift from its traditional…
Cassava Technologies and Sand Technologies partner to boost Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities and accessibility for African enterprises.
Cassava Technologies, has announced a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sand Technologies, a leading global enterprise AI solutions company and a key player in Africa's emerging artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem.…
Nigeria’s MVNO gamble needs more than licenses to succeed.
In June 2023, Nigeria’s telecom regulator, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), issued licenses to 25 Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), followed by 18 additional approvals. It was a bold and…
Immersion Cooling Systems: Advantages and Deployment Strategies for Data Centers Across Africa.
By Wojtek Piorko, Managing Director – Africa, Vertiv The demand for data centers in Africa is growing, driven by several factors. These include government regulations for local data security, an…
Company unveils suitcase AI supercomputer.
GigaIO, a specialist in composable infrastructure, has announced the launch of Gryf, a portable AI supercomputer designed to deliver data center-level performance directly to the edge. Co-developed with SourceCode, Gryf…
iGenius unveils sovereign AI data center, backed by Vertiv and NVIDIA.
AI innovator iGenius has announced the launch of Colosseum, a next-generation sovereign AI data center projected to become one of the largest of its kind globally. Built in collaboration with…
Rack Centre to launch $120 Million AI-ready data center in Lagos.
Rack Centre, West Africa’s leading carrier- and cloud-neutral data center operator, will tomorrow commission its newest facility - LGS2 - in Lagos. The 12-megawatt hyperscale data center is built to…
CoreWeave’s US$11.9B Deal with OpenAI: A Paradigm Shift in AI Infrastructure.
By Samuel CarvalhoThe AI computing landscape is undergoing a seismic shift. CoreWeave’s $11.9 billion agreement with OpenAI isn’t just about securing GPUs - it’s a strategic move that will be…
Microsoft plunks $300m for hyperscale cloud and AI infrastructure in South Africa.
Microsoft has announced plans to invest $300 million (ZAR 5.4 billion) in South Africa’s cloud and AI infrastructure between 2025 and 2027. According to the company, this strategic move aims…
AI: the opportunity for Africa is in applications, not training LLMs – Kashifu Abdullahi.
Nigeria’s Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Director-General of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi, has emphasized the importance of focusing on the practical applications of Artificial…
Musk launches new OpenAI challenger with Grok 3 “Chocolate”
The AI rivalry between OpenAI and xAI has intensified with the release of Grok 3, the latest model from Elon Musk’s AI startup, xAI. Musk claims Grok 3 is “an…
Cassava Technologies shuffles leadership amid strategic evolution
As part of its ongoing growth trajectory and commitment to enhancing its competitiveness, Cassava Technologies has announced key leadership changes designed to improve operations and position the company for success…
Africa’s role in $1 trillion AI race and infrastructure boom takes center stage at Hyperscalers 2025 Outlook
The global ambition in technology and infrastructure is scaling unprecedented heights, with investments growing from $10 billion compute clusters to trillion-dollar ecosystems. As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to dominate the…
DeepSeek is good for the data center sector – Raul Martynek.
The release of the Chinese AI company model called DeepSeek has upended the established AI industry. That a model can be developed without access to the most advanced GPU chips…
Adebayo Ogunlesi joins OpenAI as first African Board Member.
Nigeria’s Adebayo "Bayo" Ogunlesi has joined OpenAI's Board of Directors. As the Founding Partner, Chairman, and CEO of Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP), one of the world’s leading infrastructure investment firms,…
Biden signs executive order to ensure power for AI data centers
Outgoing US President, Joe Biden has signed an executive order aimed at providing federal support to meet the massive energy demands of rapidly growing advanced artificial intelligence (AI) data centers,…
Hyperscale capacity to triple by 2030 report
The capacity of hyperscale data centers is projected to triple by 2020, according to a report from Synergy Research Group, driven in large part by the rapid rise of generative…
AI data centers triggering power grid “distortions” across the U.S., Bloomberg reports.
New evidence indicates that artificial intelligence (AI) data centers are distorting the quality of electricity delivered to homes, raising the risk of appliance damage and even fires. A Bloomberg report,…
Microsoft to invest $80 Billion in AI data centers in 2025.
Microsoft plans to invest $80 billion in building AI-enabled data centers during the 2025 fiscal year, a significant increase compared to its $53 billion capital expenditure in 2023. Brad Smith,…
The Death of GPUaaS: An Obituary
By Ben BaldieriHere lies GPU-as-a-Service (GPUaaS): a victim of its own success. Once the hyper-profitable backbone of scalable infrastructure, it democratized access to the high-performance hardware needed to train AI models…
NVIDIA unveils Jetson Nano, smallest AI supercomputer for Robotics and LLMs.
American technology company Nvidia has unveiled its new artificial intelligence (AI) supercomputer, which fits in the palm of a hand. On Tuesday, Nvidia's Chief Executive Officer, Jensen Huang revealed its…
Meta’s largest data center to drive AI innovation with 2GW power capacity.
Meta will be building a new data center in Richland Parish, Louisiana, as part of a $10 billion investment in the region. The development will be the company’s largest data…
Data center trends for 2025: Vertiv predicts industry focus on AI support, regulation, and sustainability
Innovation in AI-powered infrastructure, energy management, and cooling strategies to take center stage in the new year. – As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to reshape industries, its impact on data…
OpenAI considered buying chip company Cerebras with Tesla
OpenAI explored acquiring wafer-scale chip designer Cerebras, a move that would have involved a partnership with Tesla. Emails uncovered through an ongoing lawsuit involving Elon Musk reveal that Ilya Sutskever,…
AfriTECH 4.0: Experts Highlight Blockchain, AI, and eCommerce as Key Drivers for Africa’s GDP Growth
Africa Tech Alliance Forum (AfriTECH 4.0) in Lagos, technology experts emphasized the transformative potential of blockchain and AI in advancing Africa's digital economy and positioning the continent as a global…
UBBF 2024: Huawei backs AI for 5.5G networks
At the 10th Ultra-Broadband Forum (UBBF 2024) held in Istanbul, Huawei’s optical business product line president, Bob Chen, took the stage to discuss the growing impact of artificial intelligence (AI)…
OpenAI is developing a custom AI chip with TSMC and Broadcom
OpenAI is developing a custom AI chip, working with TSMC and Broadcom on a project that could reshape its hardware foundation. According to a recent report from Reuters, OpenAI has…
SK Telecom, Samsung adopt AI to stabilize 5G performance
SK Telecom and Samsung have partnered to bring AI-driven enhancements to 5G networks, with a focus on boosting the performance of individual base stations. Engineers from both companies spent nearly…
Lumen Orbit secures $10m for AI data centers in space
Lumen Orbit, a startup backed by Y Combinator, has raised over $10 million to develop data centers in space. It plans to support AI training in a way that’s both…
OpenAI and Microsoft in talks over equity as OpenAI transitions to for-profit
OpenAI and Microsoft are currently negotiating Microsoft's stake in OpenAI as the AI company shifts to a for-profit model. According to a report by The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), the…
Fujitsu launches AI Tool that optimizes 5G network
Fujitsu has introduced a new AI-powered service designed to enhance 5G network performance by predicting traffic surges, identifying network issues, and automatically switching to more reliable connections. This innovative system…
How AI is transforming news production – NewsGPT
As the news industry evolves, AI is playing a crucial role in improving efficiency, streamlining tasks, and enhancing reader experiences. NewsGPT shares how AI is reshaping newsrooms: Streamlining content creation…
US plans to break Google, may impact AI ambitions
The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is ramping up efforts to break up Google's dominance in the search market, and it could deal a serious blow to the tech giant's…
Telcos are driving generative AI adoption, better than other industries – report
In a recent study by SAS, telcos are emerging as the frontrunners in generative AI adoption, outpacing industries like retail, banking, and insurance. The research, which surveyed 1,600 global decision-makers…
AI, data centers require 3x nuclear energy – DOE
The US Department of Energy (DOE) recently released a report outlining an urgent need for nuclear energy capacity to triple by 2050 to meet the surging demand driven by AI…
Google and Vodafone ink deal to revolutionize AI, cybersecurity in Africa and Europe
Google and Vodafone have signed a multi-billion-dollar partnership aimed at using AI to transform their services, enhance cybersecurity, and offer more personalized mobile and TV solutions for consumers. This move…
Cloudbrink introduces AI-powered mobile hotspot optimizer for on-the-go enterprises
Cloudbrink has rolled out a new AI-powered mobile hotspot optimizer, designed to help roaming users stay securely connected in places where stable service is hard to come by—think remote manufacturing…
Meta introduces Movie Gen: the future of AI-powered video creation
Meta has introduced an innovative AI tool called "Movie Gen," designed to simplify video creation for businesses and content creators, regardless of their editing expertise. This cutting-edge tool allows users…
Twilio and OpenAI team up for next-level AI voice agents
Twilio has joined forces with OpenAI to bring cutting-edge AI-powered virtual agents to life, integrating OpenAI's advanced GPT-4 model with real-time speech-to-speech (S2S) technology. What does that mean? It means…
Amidst founder exits, OpenAI secures $6.6 Billion for global AI domination
OpenAI has recently raised an impressive $6.6 billion, elevating its valuation to a staggering $157 billion. This significant funding round, led by Thrive Capital and backed by investments from industry…
AI and Ethics: are we sacrificing morality for progress?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at a breathtaking pace. Back in 2018, companies allocated just 5% of their digital budgets to AI. Fast forward to 2023, and that figure has…
Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and Secretary of Commerce Gina M. Raimondo in provide testimony at the Senate Appropriations Committee hearing on "A Review of the President's Fiscal Year 24 Budget Request: Investing in US Security, Competitiveness, and the Path Ahead for the U.S.-China Relationship," Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C., May 16, 2023. (DoD photo by Chad J. McNeeley)
US government to vet reports from AI developers, cloud providers
The US Department of Commerce has unveiled new proposed regulations aimed at increasing oversight of cloud providers and artificial intelligence (AI) developers. The rule mandates that entities engaged in developing…
OpenAI valuation could exceed $100 billion, thanks to new investments from Apple, and others.
Apple and Microsoft are reportedly considering a significant investment in OpenAI, the company that took the world by storm with its advanced generative AI platforms, including ChatGPT. According to reports…
Powering and Cooling AI and Accelerated Computing
By Wojtek Piorko, Managing Director for Africa at Vertiv There’s no doubt, across any industry, that Artificial intelligence (AI) is here, and it is here to stay. The use cases…
Cassava Technologies launches AI solution to drive digital innovation in MEA, LATAM countries
Infrastructure and digital services provider Cassava Technologies has unveiled Cassava AI, a new business unit focused on artificial intelligence. This expansion builds on the company’s existing partnerships with major tech…
Microsoft innovates on direct-to-chip cooling, reduces data center water intensity by over 80%
Microsoft is pushing the envelope in data center efficiency with its latest innovations in cooling technology. The tech giant is adopting direct-to-chip liquid cooling and investigating the potential of microfluidics…
Vertiv launches MegaMod CoolChip to accelerate global AI compute deployment
In response to surging demand for AI-ready data center capacity worldwide, Vertiv has unveiled its latest innovation, the Vertiv™️ MegaMod™️ CoolChip. This prefabricated modular (PFM) data center solution integrates cutting-edge…
Increased power consumption worries US Energy Committee, Commission
Politicians in the US have tasked the US energy watchdog, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), to explain how it plans to deal with the growing electricity demand from AI…
Vertiv introduces advanced power solutions for data centers
As global electricity demand from data centers is expected to double by 2026, driven by AI and HPC, robust backup power solutions are essential. To address these challenges, Vertiv (NYSE:…
Data centers powering AI and crypto may pose a climate threat
Data centers, the backbone of modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cryptocurrency, are experiencing rapid growth, raising concerns about their environmental impact, particularly on climate change. These massive facilities,…
Microsoft plans double new data center capacity in 2024, according to internal documents
Microsoft, which has more than 5GW data center capacity, is increasing its investment in data centers. The details of the tech giant’s spending on digital services were shown in internal…
Equinix faces DOJ summons over accounting controversy
According to Golding, there are entirely different scenarios. “Digital Realty has a different model, they sell capacity on triple net leases, if they have 30MW of power, they might sell…
DeepMind Scientist launches AI cloud platform following $80m funding
A former Research Scientist from Google's DeepMind deep learning team, Jared Quincy Davis, has launched Foundry Technologies, a cloud platform backed by $80 million in funding. Headquartered in Palo Alto,…
Sustainable data centres — can AI provide solutions to achieve decarbonisation goals?
By Sayuri MoodliarSayuri Moodliar is the Head of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) at Open Access Data Centres. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal force in shaping the data…
MTN, Huawei partner to drive innovation in Africa’s digital ecosystem
MTN Group and Huawei have inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish a Joint Innovation Technology Lab, aiming to strengthen collaboration in technological advancement. The signing ceremony took place…
UK government announces £45m investment to AI, other projects
The UK government has allocated a £45 million funding package to accelerate the adoption of quantum technology across various sectors, including healthcare, energy, and transport. This initiative aligns with the…
China Telecom unveils Chinese-made supercomputer for AI Training in Wuhan
China Telecom has reportedly unveiled a supercomputer dedicated to AI training, utilizing entirely Chinese-made components and technology. The machine, located in Wuhan at the Central Intelligent Computing Center, is said…
2024: Meta plans $37bn for AI data centers, digital infrastructure, will deploy own chips
Social media giant Meta has announced an increased capital allocation of up to $37 billion for new digital infrastructure in the current year, marking a $2 billion boost from its…
Equinix partners Nvidia to launch fully managed cloud service for AI
In partnership with software company, Nvidia, Equinix has launched a fully managed cloud service for enterprises that want to own their AI computing systems. The partnership allows businesses to acquire…
Nvidia’s Israel-1 supercomputer completed ahead of schedule
Nvidia has completed the first phase of its Israel-1 AI supercomputer, one of the world’s fastest AI computers expected to deliver performance of up to eight exaflops of AI computing,…
OpenAI leadership shake-up: co-founder Brockman resigns amid CEO firing
OpenAI's co-founder and president, Greg Brockman, has resigned from the company after the sudden firing of CEO Sam Altman. The board terminated Altman, citing a lack of consistent candor in…
AI: China’s Alibaba develops model to challenge Amazon and Microsoft
Alibaba, the Chinese technology giant, has advanced its foothold in China's tech landscape by launching its latest artificial intelligence (AI) model, Tongyi Qianwen 2.0, in its effort to compete against…